Barbell Seal Row

The barbell seal row is a strength workout that activates a variety of upper-body muscles. This includes the trapezius, lats, rhomboids, and the back of the shoulder. This exercise activates secondary muscles such as the forearms, biceps, and rotator cuffs.

This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of everything you need to know about this excellent shoulders and traps workout. It also advises on the best ways to include barbell seal rows into your training plan to help you reach your training objectives.

How To Do

  1. Position an adjustable bench parallel to the floor. The bench should be somewhat higher so that your arms can hang freely off the sides.
  2. Load and position a barbell beneath the elevated bench. For a sufficient range of motion, ensure that the barbell is resting freely on the floor.
  3. Lie face down on the elevated bench, ensuring your entire body is flat. This removes the lower back and any potential momentum from the equation.
  4. Using a pronated or overhand grip, hold the barbell with both hands, keeping the spacing between palms no wider than the shoulder width. This is your starting position.
  5. Exhale and row the barbell towards yourself with a tucked chin until it reaches the underside of the bench. Keep your elbows stretched out.
  6. Hold the barbell briefly at the top, then inhale and lower it back to the starting position.
  7. Repeat for the desired sets and reps.

Tips From Expert

  • Concentrate on a complete range of motion.
  • Maintain the right bench height to support the ROM.
  • Make sure you're not using momentum to lift the bars.
  • Keep your core engaged to avoid putting undue strain on your lower back.

Optimal Sets and Reps

Use the below table for programming guidance.

Training Type Sets Reps
Strength Training 4–5 4–6
Hypertrophy 3–4 8–12
Endurance Training 2–3 15–20
Power Training 3–5 3–5 (Explosive)
Optimal Sets & Reps of Barbell Seal Row

How to Put in Your Workout Split

The barbell seal row is a chest-supported, weighted exercise that can be used in a variety of workout routines. The exercise is especially beneficial for developing upper back muscles such as the lats, traps, and rhomboids. It targets your posterior deltoids and biceps as secondary movers.

The barbell seal row is particularly beneficial because it places a smaller strain on other muscles, allowing it to be repeated multiple times each week. Furthermore, when compared to other workouts like bent-over rows, it usually requires lighter weights.

Depending on your fitness level and goals, you can comfortably schedule the barbell seal row 1-3 times per week. The most effective method to accomplish this is to incorporate it into your pull/push and upper/lower splits.

You may, for example, use the barbell seal row as your primary rowing exercise on pull day. To optimize muscular engagement, perform it following your major lift exercise. To promote a balanced, well-rounded upper body workout, position the barbell seal row after compound exercises like bench presses.

When evaluating the appropriate loading recommendations for the barbell seal row, experience, and fitness level are important considerations. The guidelines below, together with the recommended sets and reps shown in the table above, provide a decent starting point.

One repetition maximum (1RM) refers to the maximum amount of weight that may be lifted in a single repetition.

  • For strength training — 80%–100% of your 1RM.
  • For hypertrophy training — 60%–80% of your 1RM.
  • For endurance training — 40–60% of your 1RM.
  • For power training — 80%–100% of your 1RM.

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Primary Muscle Groups

Upper Trapezius

Triangular shaped muscles located between your neck and shoulder blades.

Middle Trapezius

Muscles located in the middle of your back between your upper and lower traps.

Upper Trapezius

The trapezius is a large, triangular, thin muscle found in the upper back, shoulder, and neck. It has a more extensive origin than any other muscle in the body. This superficial muscle is separated into three functional parts: the upper, middle, and lower trapezius.

During the barbell seal row, the upper trapezius is the primary muscle involved in stabilizing and rotating the scapula or the shoulder blade. When drawing the barbell towards the bench, the upper traps are heavily engaged, elevating or retracting the shoulder.

Research shows upper trap activation rates can approach 60-80% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) during rowing exercises.

Middle Trapezius

The middle trapezius muscles are another major contributor to the barbell seal row movement. This section of the trapezius muscles runs beneath the upper trapezius and over your shoulders. This set of muscles is responsible for medially retracting the shoulder blades.

The middle trapezius muscles squeeze the shoulder blades together during the barbell seal row, allowing for effective rowing motion. It also helps to stabilize the shoulder blades. The middle traps, like the upper traps, can be activated up to similar ranges during rowing exercises.

Secondary Muscle Groups

Latissimus Dorsi

Large, triangular shaped muscles located just below your shoulder blades. They extend along your spine down to your pelvis.

Biceps Long Head

Most outside part of your bicep.The front of your upper arm.

Biceps Short Head

Most inside portion of the biceps. Located at the front of your upper arm closest to your chest.

Brachialis

Muscle which starts at the middle of your upper arm and connects just below the elbow.

Brachioradialis

Muscle located between outside portion of your forearm from the elbow to the wrist.

Posterior Deltoid

Muscles located at the back of your shoulder. Helps with posture.

Latissimus Dorsi

The latissimus dorsi, or lats, are your body's widest muscles. These big flat muscles, positioned beneath the shoulder blade, are part of the superficial layer of the extrinsic muscles, along with the rhomboids, levator scapulae, and trapezius muscles.

They come from the lower half of your spine, ribs, top of the pelvis, and a portion of your shoulder blade. They will then attach or insert into your humerus or upper arm. These muscles aid in adduction, internal rotation, and extension of the arm.

During the barbell seal row, these muscles assist in pulling your arms back and down. If you want to bias your lats during a barbell seal row, use a pronated (palms facing down) grip that is thinner or shoulder-width. Elbows should be tucked into your sides at around 30 degrees.

Finally, ensure that you are dragging the barbell toward the bottom of your ribs and belly button for optimal activation.

Posterior Deltoid

The posterior deltoid, often known as the rear delts, is one of three deltoid intrinsic muscles in the shoulder region. The tiny muscles are placed at the back of your shoulder and originate from the scapula before inserting into the upper arm's humerus.

The primary role of the posterior deltoids is to help stabilize the arm. It also works with other back muscles to support pulling movements and keep the shoulders from hunching forward.

If you want to work your back delts, you must utilize a pronated broad grip for this exercise. This position causes your elbows to flare outward. To activate these muscles more effectively, hold your elbows at a 70°-80° angle and draw the weight toward your chest.

Biceps Long Head

The biceps long head is one of the two muscles that make up the biceps brachii. It's the longer head on the outside. It extends from the upper arm to the forearm (ulna).

Its main roles are to bend the elbow, bring the shoulder closer to the body, and rotate the arm inward. This is where you draw your forearm in, pull your arm away, and rotate your arm toward your body.

In a barbell seal row, you strengthen your biceps and long head by flexing your elbow and raising the barbell towards the torso. When you combine this exercise with other bicep peak exercises, you not only let the shoulder joint move freely but also stabilize and strengthen your biceps.

Biceps Short Head

The biceps short head is the other muscle that makes up the remaining biceps muscle. These muscles originate in the inner arm from a tiny bone near the shoulders known as the coracoid process of the scapula. It then passes through the ulna in the forearm.

The fundamental function of the short head is to pull the arm towards the trunk. During the barbell seal row, the short head serves as a secondary mover, assisting you in pulling the barbell closer to you. It is also activated because of its link to shoulder stability.

Brachialis

The barbell seal is an effective brachialis workout. The brachialis is found in the upper arm's anterior compartment, just beneath the biceps muscle. These muscles help to flex the elbow joint. They work with the brachioradialis to stabilize the forearm when performing ordinary tasks like raising objects off the ground.

During the barbell seal row, the brachialis muscle serves as a secondary mover. When you pull the barbell towards your body, your elbows bend, which indirectly helps with elbow flexion.

Brachioradialis

The brachioradialis muscle is a superficial muscle. It extends from the top of the forearm and penetrates into the bottom region of your radius or your forearm bone. It promotes elbow flexion and forearm stability.

When you row the barbell towards your torso in a barbell seal row, the brachioradialis muscle helps with elbow flexion.

According to EMG research, the brachioradialis is most active when in a neutral position. If you have the necessary equipment, such as specialty bars or dumbbells, this is a significant consideration.

Equipment

Barbell

Barbell

You can use this for a range of arm exercises. Ensure the seat is at the right height. A good alternative would be the incline bench.

Seal Row Bench

Use a seal row bench to target your back muscles effectively. Ensure the bench is stable and supports your weight safely

Variations

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the same equipment.

Alternatives

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the different equipment.

Who Should Do?

Powerlifters

The barbell seal row is a common workout among powerlifters and weightlifters.

Athletes in this group combine workouts for muscular hypertrophy with proper form or lifting technique. The exercise relieves strain on excessively stressed lower backs, allowing powerlifters to push harder during squats and deadlifts. 

Bodybuilders

Most people’s training routines include strength workouts that target the core and lower body. Running, dancing, and participating in sports, for example, all work to strengthen the core and lower body. For bodybuilders, however, a lack of attention to the upper back can lead to a stooped posture and the inability to lift high weights.

Fortunately, the barbell seal row is a tried-and-true isolation exercise that works several muscles in the upper back, shoulders, and lats. The barbell seal row does not include your chest or lower body. Bodybuilders can integrate this exercise into their program to improve volume and promote muscular growth in the upper back.

Who Should Not Do?

People With Back Injuries

The barbell seal row is an excellent workout for developing strong, well-defined back muscles.

Despite this possible benefit, people who have stiff pain in their spine or lower back should be cautious when doing this exercise. Although it is natural to feel stiff after a workout, if you have a history of back discomfort, you should avoid this exercise because it may aggravate the condition.

If you’ve experienced a back problem in the past and are still unsure whether you can perform a barbell seal row, speak with a coach or trainer. 

People With Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder impingement is caused when your connective tissue presses on the shoulder blade. The symptoms include discomfort that worsens with lifting and reaching movements.

Lifting the barbell towards your chest demands you to flex your elbow and retract your shoulder blades. For people with shoulder impingement, repetitive activity may put stress on the joint, exacerbating the condition.

If you have shoulder impingement, you should avoid doing workouts that compress the shoulder’s connective tissues. Consult a healthcare expert for professional advice. 

Benefits Of The Barbell Seal Row

Addresses Muscle Imbalance

A significant advantage of barbell seal rows is that they alleviate muscle imbalance. Muscle imbalance occurs when some connected muscles are underdeveloped compared to others. A frequent upper body imbalance develops when the chest and front shoulder muscles develop more than the back muscles.

The barbell seal row is a useful exercise for correcting upper-body muscle imbalances because it does not include the chest or lower body. It effectively targets the upper back muscles, especially the posterior deltoids and rhomboids, thus addressing imbalances and improving good posture. 

Minimizes Stress On The Spine

The barbell seal row is done while resting on a bench. This eliminates the potential of cheating or momentum, requiring the back muscles to perform all of the work.

This position offers enormous benefits, particularly for spine health. It supports the lower back and spine, allowing you to build upper back muscles without putting undue strain on the spine.

Furthermore, the exercise can be beneficial in avoiding worsening a spinal injury or hastening recovery after a strong deadlift workout. 

Builds Strength

A strong upper back is necessary to keep the spine neutral during exercises like deadlifts and squats. Horizontal pulling exercises, such as the seal row, have been shown to strengthen the entire back, including the lats, rhomboids, traps, and rear delts.

Compound workouts that engage many muscle groups at the same time allow you to lift heavy weights safely. They are also beneficial for developing strength and muscle. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What muscles does barbell seal row work?

Primarily, it targets the upper back muscles and shoulder muscles including the upper and lower traps. It also engages several secondary muscles including the lats, rear delts, and biceps.

Why are barbell seal rows so hard?

Barbell seal rows are considered hard because they eliminate the chance of cheating or using momentum. This makes pulling the barbell so difficult especially for beginners.

Why is it called a seal row?

It is called seal row because it resembles the way a seal (animal) may appear when placed on a bench

Are barbell seal rows safe?

Barbell seal rows are generally considered safe if done using the right form and technique. Caution is advised if you’ve back or shoulder issues as discussed above.

Resources

Endomondo.com refrains from utilizing tertiary references. We uphold stringent sourcing criteria and depend on peer-reviewed studies and academic research conducted by medical associations and institutions. For more detailed insights, you can explore further by reading our editorial process.

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  5. Tiwana (2024). Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Biceps Muscle. [online] Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30137823/.
  6. Kleiber, T., Kunz, L. and Disselhorst-Klug, C. (2015). Muscular coordination of biceps brachii and brachioradialis in elbow flexion with respect to hand position. Frontiers in Physiology, [online] 6. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00215.
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