Dumbbell Goblet Squat

The squat is considered by many to be the best exercise for developing the lower body. The barbell back squat is the most common form of the exercise. For some people, however, the load on the back can be excessive. Fortunately, there are other ways to squat that don’t put as much compressive pressure on the lower back.

One of the best barbell squat alternatives is the dumbbell goblet squat. This version relieves spinal load, increases core involvement, and allows you to maintain a more upright torso.

This guide provides detailed instructions on the proper goblet squat technique. We’ll also offer insights on sets and reps, along with expert tips on correct form.

How To Do

  1. Place a dumbbell to stand vertically on the end of a bench. 
  2. Stand in front of the bench with your feet shoulder-width apart. Bend down to place your palms under the head of the dumbbell. Bring the weight up to your chest as you rise to stand.
  3. Hinge at the hips to lower into a squat position and stop when your elbows touch your knees.
  4. Push through your heels to drive back to the start position.

Tips From Expert

  • Keep the weight close to your body throughout the exercise.
  • Focus on a controlled and fluid movement.
  • Inhale on the way down and exhale on the way up.
  • Keep your core muscles engaged throughout the movement.
  • Maintain a neutral spine position with your torso upright.

Optimal Sets and Reps

Here’s a guide to the ideal set and rep scheme for the dumbbell goblet squat based on five training goals:

Training Type Sets Reps
Strength Training 4–6 4–6
Hypertrophy 3–5 8–12
Endurance Training 2–4 15–20+
Power Training 3–5 3–5
Optimal Sets & Reps of Dumbbell Goblet Squat

How to Put in Your Workout Split

The dumbbell goblet squat is a compound lower-body exercise, which means it works several muscles at once. The barbell back squat variation allows you to load your quads, glutes, and hamstrings without putting compressive pressure on the spine.

If you are following a split routine workout program, the dumbbell goblet squat should be done on leg day. It can be programmed along with other compound movements like lunges and deadlifts.

On a full-body workout plan, the dumbbell goblet squat should be one of the key compound exercises early on.

If you’re following a push/pull/legs program, the dumbbell goblet squat should be performed on leg day. It can be used as a stand-alone exercise, or in a superset with a quadriceps-specific exercise, like the leg extension.

Use a weight that allows you to perform the movement with proper form so that your torso remains upright. The last 2–3 reps of the exercise should be challenging but still manageable with good technique.

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Primary Muscle Groups

Gluteus

Large, superficial muscles located at your buttocks just below your lower back area.

Gluteus

The gluteus, or buttocks muscles extend the hip joint. This movement is crucial in the standing-up motion. Three muscles make up the gluteals:

  1.   Gluteus maximus.
  2.   Gluteus medius.
  3.   Gluteus minimus.

The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body. In addition to straightening the hip, it also turns the upper leg bone outward (external rotation). The gluteus maximus pushes the femur down and backward (extension), moving the upper body upward from a seated or squat position.

The gluteus medius and minimus are much smaller muscles that lie beneath the gluteus maximus. They assist in stabilizing the pelvis and ensure proper alignment during the squat. They are also involved in hip abduction, which is the movement of the leg away from the body's midline. This helps maintain lower body balance.

The glutes are part of the posterior chain, which is the group of muscles along the backside of the body, including the hamstrings, lower back muscles, and calves. They work along with other muscles like the hamstrings and erector spinae to generate force during the upward squat push.

In the goblet squat variation, holding a dumbbell close to your chest shifts your center of gravity forward slightly, which can emphasize the engagement of the glutes as you squat down and stand back up. Proper form ensures that these muscles are effectively targeted and strengthened.

The gluteus maximus muscle activation rate is very high during the upward pushing phase of the goblet squat. Studies have shown that during front squats, which is a variant of the goblet squat, gluteus maximus activation is 37%–44% during this movement.

Equipment

Dumbbells

Dumbbells

You can use these for a wide range of unilateral and bilateral exercises. Avoid using momentum to lift. Ensure a secure grip to prevent drops.

Variations

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the same equipment.

Alternatives

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the different equipment.

Donkey Kick

Cobra Stretch

Lying Glute Stretch

Bridge Kick

Glute Bridge March

Who Should Do?

Beginners

The dumbbell goblet squat is a good option for beginners due to its simplicity and safety. Because you’re holding the weight in front of your body, this helps to keep your torso upright. This exercise also provides you with a natural depth cue: descend until your elbows touch your knees.

The dumbbell goblet squat’s front-loaded position helps teach proper squat mechanics, including keeping the core engaged and the knees aligned with the toes.

Athletes

The dumbbell goblet squat benefits athletes by increasing their lower body strength, stability, and mobility. During the exercise, you are in an athletic stance with added resistance. This builds explosive power for pushing against an opponent and vertical jumping movements. It also increases balance and agility, along with coordination and functional strength. 

People With Lower Back Problems

People who have pre-existing lower back problems may find the dumbbell goblet squat to be a good squatting option. This exercise does not place as much of a compressive load on the spine, as the barbell back squat does.

The front-loaded position of the dumbbell goblet squat also supports a more uptight torso than the back squat. This reduces compressive force on the spine, lowering the risk of back injury. In addition, holding the weight at chest level engages the core muscles, offering extra support for the lower back.

Who Should Not Do?

People With Shoulder Injuries

People with shoulder injuries or limited shoulder mobility should not do the dumbbell goblet squat. When you hold the dumbbell in front of your chest, you place stress on the shoulder joints. This can worsen an existing shoulder condition.

For people with shoulder injuries, alternatives to the goblet squat include bodyweight squats, leg presses, and leg extensions.

People With Severe Knee Problems

People with chronic knee pain should avoid or modify the dumbbell goblet squat. The deep squatting action can put extra strain on the knee joints, which may cause some discomfort.

People with knee pain or injuries might want to consider squatting in a more shallow range, between 0–50 degrees of knee flexion. Working within this range of motion has been shown to put very little strain on the knee joint.  

Other alternatives that place less strain on the knees include partial leg presses and leg extensions that finish just short of full knee extension (lockout). 

People With Balance Issues

People with limited balance should avoid the dumbbell goblet squat. When you hold a weight in front of your body, you place extra demands on your balance. This may increase the risk of falling.

If you have balance problems, you can do a modified goblet squat, in which you use stable support, such as a bench, chair, or wall, to provide extra balance support. 

Benefits Of The Dumbbell Goblet Squat

Build Muscle

The dumbbell goblet squat is an effective way to do dumbbell squats to increase lower body muscle mass. It targets the quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes. By progressively increasing the resistance used, you will promote hypertrophy and strength development with this exercise.

Get Stronger

Dumbbell goblet squats can build strength through the lower body, emphasizing the quadriceps, glutes, and hamstrings. By gradually increasing the dumbbell’s weight, you will constantly challenge your muscles to grow stronger. 

The dumbbell goblet squat also improves functional strength making everyday tasks that promote lifting and pushing easier.

Improve Mental Discipline

Proper execution of the dumbbell goblet squat requires focus and concentration. Mental discipline is needed to maintain stability and perform each rep correctly. This enhanced discipline translates to other parts of life.

Increased Upper Back Strength

The dumbbell goblet squat is primarily a lower-body exercise. However, the front-loading position also requires support from the upper back muscles. The trapezius and rhomboids work to stabilize the upper back and maintain an upright posture.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a dumbbell goblet squat?

A dumbbell goblet squat is a lower-body exercise where you hold a dumbbell close to your chest and perform a squat.

How to hold the dumbbell for the goblet squat?

Hold the dumbbell vertically with both hands, cupping the top end close to your chest.

Why are goblet squats so much harder?

Goblet squats are more challenging because they engage the core for stability and place a load in front of the body. This increases demand on the lower body muscles.

Are dumbbell goblet squats effective?

Yes, dumbbell goblet squats are effective for building lower body strength, improving core stability, and improving overall squat technique.

Resources

Endomondo.com refrains from utilizing tertiary references. We uphold stringent sourcing criteria and depend on peer-reviewed studies and academic research conducted by medical associations and institutions. For more detailed insights, you can explore further by reading our editorial process.

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  8. Gullett, J.C., Tillman, M.D., Gutierrez, G.M. and Chow, J.W. (2009). A Biomechanical Comparison of Back and Front Squats in Healthy Trained Individuals. Journal of strength and conditioning research, [online] 23(1), pp.284–292. doi:https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31818546bb.
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