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Toe Touches

Toe touches are a classic exercise targeting the abdominal muscles. They also engage the hip flexors, the muscles that help you lift your legs. This simple movement can be performed almost anywhere.

This abdominal exercise offers benefits for core strength and definition. It challenges your abs and improves flexibility in your hamstrings, which are the back of your thighs.

Toe touches can be done without equipment and can be easily added to your ab workouts at home. Because of its simplicity, toe touches exercise is easy to stick to consistently and reap the benefits over time.

In this exercise guide, we will discuss proper form and technique and cover the benefits and variations. After learning the great benefits of this exercise, you might be excited to add this to your routine.

How To Do

  1. Laying flat on your back, lift both legs up as straight as you can. Your hip joint should be at a 90-degree angle.
  2. Lift your arms towards the ceiling and then reach up even further towards your toes.
  3. Lift your shoulder blades off the floor as high as you can, crunching your abdominal muscles.
  4. Repeat the number of reps and sets as per the table we included for you below.

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Tips From Expert

  • Use a mat or padded area to improve exercise comfort.
  • Ensure your legs come straight up in the air. Avoid pointing your toes to ensure the correct movement pattern.
  • Keep your glutes and lower back against the floor throughout. This limits lower back stress and injury risk.
  • As you reach your toes, your head should naturally follow your arms. This limits neck strain.
  • Engage your torso before reaching up. This ensures a stable body position and targeted muscle engagement.
  • Maintain a controlled breathing pattern throughout the exercise. This ensures an adequate oxygen supply to your muscles and brain.

Optimal Sets and Reps

See the table below to figure out the best rep range and sets you should do based on your goals.

Training TypeSetsReps
Strength Training3–56–8
Hypertrophy3–410–12
Endurance Training2–315–20
Power TrainingN/A due to low resistanceN/1
Optimal Sets & Reps of Toe Touches

How to Put in Your Workout Split

Toe touches are a great core exercise that can really activate your abdominal muscles. Here are some ways to incorporate them into your training:

  • Ab-Focused Days — Include toe touches as part of your core workouts. You can throw them in after planks. While planks will work your deeper core muscles, toe touches can hit the visible abs for the final burn.
  • Full Body Days — Add toe touches to full-body workouts to improve overall core strength and flexibility. Combine with exercises that work the abs statically, like dumbbell thrusters. Static exercises activate core muscles without lengthening or shortening them.
  • Upper/Lower Body Split — You can add this exercise to your upper body routine after your main upper body exercises, like the bench press. Otherwise, it can even be a great finisher for your leg workouts.
  • Flexibility Days — Incorporate toe touches into your stretching routine. They can help improve hamstring flexibility and increase the range of motion in your hips and lower back. To avoid muscle cramps, finish your routine with some ab stretches.

Focus on maintaining proper form throughout the movement. Aim for controlled, deliberate motions rather than rapid repetitions.

To increase difficulty, try holding the contraction for a few seconds for each repetition. Allow about 60–90 seconds to rest between each set.

Primary Muscle Groups

Upper Rectus Abdominis

Muscles located just below the lower chest and above the lower abdominals. Between your ribs and pubic bone.

Lower Rectus Abdominis

Muscles located below your upper abs and above your public bone between your ribs.

Upper Rectus Abdominis

The rectus abdominis is the muscle that runs from the chest down to the pelvis vertically. It's responsible for flexing the spine and protecting the abdominal contents.

A study on a similar exercise, the crunch, showed significant muscle activity in the rectus abdominis. It was measured at around 40% of a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. This is the measure to show how hard the muscle is contracting during a specific movement or exercise.

During toe touches, as you reach towards your toes, the upper rectus abdominis shortens. This contraction pulls your upper body off the ground, creating a curling motion.

The upper abs work harder in toe touches compared to many other ab exercises. This is because they're actively lifting your torso against gravity.

Lower Rectus Abdominis

Toe touches also engage the lower portion of the rectus abdominis. This is due to the position of your legs during the exercise.

When your legs are lifted off the floor, your lower abs are challenged. As you reach up towards your toes, your lower abs contract isometrically. This means they're working to maintain the position of your legs without changing length.

The muscle activation in a similar exercise, the leg raise, has shown an approximate muscle activation rate of around 21.7%. Holding the legs up is a little different from lifting and lowering them down. However, it still indicates the level of engagement of this muscle during toe touches.

The combination of crunching and holding your legs up makes toe touches more challenging than traditional crunches. It works effectively on both lower and upper abs, and this dual engagement helps target the entire rectus abdominis muscle.

Secondary Muscle Groups

Anterior Deltoid

Muscles located at the front of your shoulder region

Obliques

Muscles located on the sides of your rectus abdominals. Runs on the sides of your trunk.

Quadriceps

Muscles located at the front portion of your upper legs, below your pelvis and above your knees. Consists of four parts.

Hamstrings

Muscles located at the back of your upper leg, below your glutes and above your calves. Consists of three muscles.

Erector Spinae

Muscles that span the entire length of your spine on either side.

Obliques

The obliques, on the sides of your abdomen, are also engaged during toe touches. They assist in stabilizing your torso as you reach towards your toes.

These muscles help control the rotation of your trunk. They work to keep your movement straight and prevent twisting during this particular exercise.

Quadriceps

Your quadriceps or quads, the muscles at the front of your thighs, play a supporting role in toe touches. Although not the primary movers for this exercise, they help keep your legs straight and elevated throughout the movement.

The quads work isometrically to maintain the position of your legs. This engagement contributes to the overall effectiveness of the exercise.

Hamstrings

The hamstrings, located at the back of your thighs, are stretched during toe touches. This stretch occurs as you reach towards your toes with straight legs.

While not actively contracting, the hamstrings are lengthened in this exercise. This can help improve flexibility in the back of your legs over time, which is an added bonus.

Erector Spinae

The erector spinae, the muscles running along your spine, are involved in toe touches. They work to control the lowering of your upper body back to the floor.

These muscles help maintain proper spinal alignment during the exercise. They also assist in the initial lift of your upper body off the ground.

Anterior Deltoid

The anterior deltoid, the front of your shoulder muscles, assists in toe touches. They help lift your arms as you reach toward your toes.

While not primary movers, these muscles contribute to the overall movement. Their engagement adds to the full-body nature of the toe-touch exercise.

Equipment

Bodyweight

Bodyweight

Requires bodyweight resistance and additional equipment for proper execution.

Variations

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the same equipment.

Alternatives

Exercises that target the same primary muscle groups and require the different equipment.

Who Should Do?

People Who Want Abdominal Definition

Toe touches are excellent for strengthening and toning your abdominal muscles. This exercise targets both upper and lower abs effectively. However, visible abs depend more on overall body fat percentage than on specific exercises.

Research shows that a higher body fat percentage correlates with lower abdominal strength and endurance. This affects overall physical fitness and spinal stability. Regular abdominal exercises like toe touches can improve core strength and muscle tone.

To reveal a defined six-pack, you’ll need to focus on reducing overall body fat through diet and cardio. Once you’ve lowered your body fat percentage, toe touches are most effective for enhancing muscle definition. Therefore, combine them with a balanced diet and comprehensive fitness regimen for the best results.

Athletes Who Rely On Core Strength

Core strength is crucial in most sports, reducing the risk of back injuries or muscle strain during various activities. 

Certain athletes particularly depend on core and abdominal strength and endurance. Here are some examples below:

  • Gymnasts rely heavily on core strength for balance, stability, and power in their routines. Their impressive physiques are a testament to their core-intensive training.
  • Swimmers use core muscles constantly to maintain proper body position in the water. A strong core helps them kick stronger and rotate efficiently during different strokes.
  • Golfers and tennis players need powerful cores to generate maximum force and velocity in their swings. Core strength is essential for the rotational power in these sports.
  • Soccer players can benefit from core and abdominal strength. Strong muscles in that area can help them with power and balance during games.
  • Martial artists depend on core strength for balance, power generation, and absorbing impacts. A strong core is fundamental to their techniques and overall performance.

Who Should Not Do?

People With Lower Back Issues

Those with lower back problems should avoid toe touches. This exercise can put significant strain on the lower back. The forward bending motion may exacerbate existing back pain or injuries. 

People with herniated discs should be particularly cautious. Herniated disks are when the spinal disks are moved out of their normally centered alignment. The stretching involved in toe touches can irritate this condition. 

Those who are recovering from back surgery should consult their doctor before attempting this exercise. Even those with mild lower back discomfort should approach toe touches with caution. 

Alternative core exercises that don’t involve forward bending may be more suitable. These individuals should focus on exercises that maintain a neutral spine position like planks or leg raises.

People With Neck Pain Or Injuries

People suffering from neck pain or injuries should avoid toe touches. The exercise can put unnecessary strain on the neck muscles. The forward bending motion may exacerbate existing neck problems. 

Individuals recovering from whiplash or other neck traumas should also avoid this exercise. The movement involved can potentially worsen their condition. Even those with mild neck discomfort should approach toe touches with care. 

These individuals should focus on neck-specific exercises prescribed by a physical therapist to help improve their condition.  For abs and core training, include only exercises that don’t require neck flexion until the condition improves. Some examples include the plank or leg raises.

Benefits Of Toe Touches

Enhances Ab Definition

Toe touches are an effective exercise for sculpting and defining your abdominal muscles. They target both the upper and lower rectus abdominis. This engagement of the entire abdominal wall helps create a more balanced, toned appearance in your midsection.

Consistent practice of toe touches can lead to increased muscle definition, particularly when part of a well-rounded workout routine. 

As you strengthen your core, the muscles become more visible. This is especially true when you combine your training with caloric deficit, and a lower body fat percentage is achieved. A caloric deficit means that you consume fewer calories than what you burn through bodily functions, daily activities, and exercise.

Improves Core Strength 

Toe touches are an excellent exercise to help build strength in the core, particularly the front of the core. They engage multiple muscle areas simultaneously, including the rectus abdominis, obliques, and hip flexors.

Toe touches also help develop the mind-muscle connection with your core. This is when you become highly aware of your muscle activity and can control the muscle intentionally. This can contribute to improved strength in the specific muscle that is being worked.

A strong core is crucial for maintaining good posture and efficient movement in daily activities.

Relieves Lower Back Pain

Toe touches can improve back health in healthy individuals without underlying back conditions. They do so by increasing core strength, which is instrumental in maintaining back health and preventing back pain. 

Core and ab strengthening exercises like toe touches can support the back. A strong core acts as a natural back brace, providing stability during daily activities. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What does doing toe touches do?

Toe touches work your upper and lower abdominal muscles. It also engages your obliques and hip flexor muscles. It helps improve the strength of your abs and flexibility in your hamstrings.

Why can’t I do toe touches?

To reach your toes, you need good hamstring flexibility. If you struggle to keep your legs completely straight, try bending your knees a bit and reaching for the shins instead.

How long should toe touches be?

Ideally, you want to be able to reach your toes with your fingers and hold the position for 2–3 seconds. However, if your flexibility isn’t great, you can try to perform crunches instead with your legs up and knees bent.

Should I do toe touches every day?

It’s best to balance your workouts and include rest days to prevent overtraining a specific muscle group. Aim for a 24–48-hour rest to allow proper recovery.

Resources

Endomondo.com refrains from utilizing tertiary references. We uphold stringent sourcing criteria and depend on peer-reviewed studies and academic research conducted by medical associations and institutions. For more detailed insights, you can explore further by reading our editorial process.

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